Familial agent, also known as familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), is a genetic disorder that causes high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from either parent to develop FH.
Individuals with FH have a significantly increased risk of developing early-onset heart disease, as high levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. It is estimated that FH affects approximately 1 in 250 people worldwide, making it one of the most common genetic disorders.
Symptoms of FH can vary from person to person, but may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and a family history of heart disease at a young age. Diagnosis of FH typically involves a blood test to measure cholesterol levels and genetic testing to confirm the presence of the mutated gene.
Treatment for FH usually involves a combination of lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, and medication to lower cholesterol levels. In some cases, individuals with FH may also require procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to clear blocked arteries.
It is important for individuals with FH to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their condition and reduce their risk of heart disease. Early detection and treatment of FH can help to prevent serious complications and improve long-term health outcomes for affected individuals and their families.